Means for controlling movements of work-carrying spindle with respect to a cutting element in gear-grinding machines and the like



March 13, 1928.

. 1,662,589 O. G. SIMMONS MEANS Fon CONTROLLING MovEMENTs OF WORK CARRYING SPINDLE WITH RESPECT T0 A CUTTING ELEMENT IN GEAR GRINDING MACHINES AND THE LIKE Filed Nov. 26. 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

March 13, 1928. 1,662,589

O. G. SIMMONS MEANS FOR CONTROLLING MOVEMENTS OF' WORK CARRYING SPINDLE WITH RESPECT TO A CUTTING ELEMENT IN GEAR GRINDING MACHINES AND THE LIKE Filed Nov. 26. 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.'

March 13, 1928. 1,662,589

. SIMMONS O. G MEANS FOR CONTROLLING MOVEMENTS OF WORK CA ING A CUTTING E R GRI NDLE WITH RESPECT T0 LEMENT IN GEA NDI MACH S A THE LIKE Filed Nov. 26. 1926 3 -Sheet 3 eets INVENTOR.'

Patented Mar. 13, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OLIVER G. SIMMONS, OF LAKEWOOD, OHIO.

MEANS FOR CON TROLLING MOVEM TO A CUTTING ELEMENT 1N My invention for eoiitrollin carryingF spiiid Application filed November 26, 1926.

relates to i L' le in gear a 5 cutter lgrindingr machines an erably for machines one ot l trated and described in applicants pending application for 98.701. tiled March 31st. 19

gear sliaper cutters it is erable to cause the rectiline ln grinding the Work spindle to reverse determined of the work be certain designs desirable to leave ing of a given a at the flanks of the teeth. th

jacent the base n'iercially as fla oscillating;r ating movement of workmp ro ved' means rotary, and

iid-gear shaper d the like. prefivliich is illus- Letters Patent, Serial No.

prefa r movement of itself at a prepoint with respect to the tooth ground for the reason in gear Shaper cutters it is mount of metal at is to say, ad-

circle. which is known comnk fullness.

ness when provided in the Shaper cutters will remove a of metal from gear eut by the gear modifying: the

the desired involiite. produced by such a cu the tops involute forn to as 'This flank fulldesign of `rear certain amount of the teeth of the shaper cutter, thus i of tooth from The teeth of a gear tter is Well-known in a gear n1 which been eased-oft'. This is done when the teeth of the gear are relatively long;r and the pressure angle is low.

promise to coli cies in the trodiieed as ship or errors the time the ,11e

that gears provided described. peru' error. Gears therefore, do n ing, it is obviou distance below vfullness in the gear It is ipensate for also done as a comslight inaccuragear teeth which have been iniiieclianical errors of Workmanof hardening introduced at :ir is with ea iit greater tol made with ot have what inei'eially as a full tooth l s. will be heat-treated. It is said sed-oli' teeth, as erance limits of eased-oft' teeth, is known comiearing. The bearheld to a point some the top of the tooth of the gear, and the magnitude of this is dependent upon the amount of flank sliaper c The measure of the shaper cutters is obvious that a mechanism comadjiistment which will the machine the measure of utter previously flank fullbeing controlis in operation Means containing mechationing in machines as rebeen propose d heretofore by ENTS OF WORK-CARRYIN G SPINDLE WITH RESPECT GEAR-GRIN DIN G MACHINES `ANI) THE LIKE.

Serial No. 150,865.

the applicant iii pending application for letters patent above referred to and other impendinglr applications, Serial No. 125,369, tiled July 28th, 1926, and Serial N o. 131,885, filed August 27th, 1926.

he main object of the invention therefore resides in the means for causing a Workcarrying` spindle to oseillate about its axis and to reciprocate bodily in a line perpendicular to the axis of said spindle and to control the position of reverse of said reciprocal movement by the movement of a cooperatingr member. which member is operable to effect the adjustment Without interference of the operation of the work spindle.

Another object of the invention resides in the means for swivelling the plane of the reciprocal movement of the spindle and its cooperating members so that the present invention will function as herein described at any given pressure angle at which the mac ine containing this invention is designed to be adjusted within range of its capacity.

A. further object of the invention is to provide correlated mechanical means for machines adapted to generate the curved teeth of gears. ,gear Shaper cutters and all kindred articles of manufacture.

A .till further object of the invention resides in providing the work-carrying.;r spindle with 'a pitch or base circle disc fixedly secured thereto. a swivelling member adapted to carry a movable member. one part of which is in the form of a yoke adapted to carry members, preferably flexible members, connected to saidv pitch or base circle disc, an end extension on said yoke member adapted to be journallerl in an end portion of a slide, means to position said yoke member in a plane parallel to the planeyof rectilinear movement of said slide. means to tixedly secure said yoke member in said adjusted position, means to angularly adjust swivel member upon which is mounted the aforesaid slideto an angle equal to the complemental pressure angle'with respect to the face of a cutting element, means to angularly adjust said cutting element about a vertithe angle of the helix of the teeth of the work and means to cause an oscillating movement to said work spindle or rectilinear movement to said slide, preferably oscillating movement to said work spindle whereby said slide is caused to reciprocate uniformly or nonuniforlnly as the oscillating movement of the work spindle is uniform or nonuniform.

'ith the above and still other objects in view the invention comprises a work-carrying spindle, means to simultaneously reciprocate and oscilllate said work spindle, and means connected therewith controlling the position ot' reverse of said reciprocating motion lo produce flank fullness or non- {iank fullness in gears and gear shaper cutters. as illustrated in the accompanying drawings hereinafter described and particularly set` forth in the appended claims together with such variation and modification as will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention appertains. `Reference should be made to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this speciication.

Fig. 1 is a side elevation partly in fragmentary section illustrating the application of this invention to one well known grinding machine. i

Fig. Q is a plan view partly in fragmen-A tary section ot the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the machine.

The numeral 1 indicates the bed of the machine upon which is mounted upright swivel base E2. The upright 3 is adapted to engage the slide on swivel base 2 through the medium of V-ways, not shown, by means of the screw 4 having threaded engagement with swivel base 2, the hand-wheel 5 being secured to said screw 4. The adjustable ver tical slide (i is adapted to engage V-ways 7 on upright 3 which the adjustable vertical slide 6 engages. The cutting element 8, which may be an abrasive wheel or a milling cutter. is carried by a spindle in the slide 6. rlhe cutting element 8 may be rotated by any suitable means. Swivel member 9 is adjustably mounted on a bearing carried by the bed 1. Slide 1() engages V-ways on swivel member 9 and is adapted to move in a rectilinear path thereof. The end plate 11 is secured to the left end portion of the slide 10 to which is iixedly secured the eye-bolt 12. through which the cable 13 is passed and secured. The other end of the cable 13 is attached to a weight which causes slide 10 to exert constant force in one direction as shown by the arrow 14.

The work spindle 15 is journalled in a portion 16 of the slide 10. The disc 17 is {ixedly secured to work spindle 15 and held in said fixed position by means of the nuts 1S and 19, see Fig. 2, which have threaded engagement with said work spindle 15. Steel tapes 20, substantially semisurround disc 17, one end of which is lixedly secured thereto preferably by means of button-head screws 31, the other end of which tapes are coupled to threaded screw of which is carriedby the yoke 23, one of members 22, each.

which coupled connection provides means for tensioning said tapes 2t) through the medium of nut 24 having threaded engagement with an end portion :25 of one of the screw members 22. r1`he yoke member E23 is provided, preferably at the left-hand end thereof of the person viewing the drawing, Fig. 1, with a shaft extension 26 which is adapted to be jourualled and reciprocate in the extension 2T ot' the slide 1t), whereas the right-hand end 28 of said yoke 23 is preferably ixedly secured to the spindle Q9, said spindle 29 being carried by the tail-stock member 30, said tail stock member 30 being provided with an end tiange 31 in which is jonrnallcd tail-stock screw 32, one end of which screw 3:3 has threaded engagement with nut 33 tile edly secured to spindle Q9, the other end of which screw is adapted to receive the hand wheel 3i by any suitable means, preferably by means well-known in the art,.so that as hand-wheel 34 is rotated, spindle Qt) and yoke Q21 will be moved to the right or to the left of the person viewing the drawing, Fig. 1. This movement of yoke 23 will cause work spindle 15 to rotate a slight amount, if slide 1() is restrained, either clockwise or anticlockwise dependent upon the measure ol` the magnitude of the rectilinear movement of the yoke Q3 and the direction of said movement. rThe rotary movement of work spindle 15. as referred to. is therefore obviously independent of other rotary movement of the work spindle and rectilinear movement of slide 10 or absence of said movement of slide 10. If, however, work Spindle 15 is restrained from rotary movement, then the movement of yoke Q3 as described wiil result in effecting a bodily rectilinear movement of slide 10, yoke 23 and component members carried by the yoke and slide as described and, vice versa, if the slide 10 is restrained from movement as referred to there will be a rotary movement only of work spindle 15 if the yoke Q3 is moved as described. Either members, 10 or 15, may be restrained as referred to. In the practice of my invention, however, I prefer to restrain the work spindle and move the members aforesaid as a unitary part when yoke 23 is moved as described. However. in the practice of this invention it is immaterial which member is restrained in the aforesaid movement of the yoke 23, and since it is not necessary to restrain both members in the movement aforesaid, one only being necessary', it is obvious in the embodiment of the invention in a machine, for the purpose of this specification, that one member will have to be selected by the applicant. as the restraining member. The choice must be made and I have therefore preferably selected to Yrestrain the work spindle 15, although in the practice of my invention I could just as easily and by the same line of reasoning select the member 10 as the member to be restrained in the movement of the yoke 23. The choice is influenced by the necessity of describing the application of this invention to one of several well-known grinding machines. I will describe briefly, therefore, one well-known machine in which the spindle is adapted to be restrained in the movement of the yoke 23, but it must be understood that my invention is not limited to gear grinding machines in which the work spindle is restrained from movement, because the invention is adaptable for use in grinding machines in which the slide lll is restrained from movement and the application of this invention to such machine could be made just as readily. lt will appear later by restraining the movement of work spindle 15, or slide 10, that it merely resolves itself to a question of whether in the functional operation of gear grinding machines the rotation of the spindle causes the slide to move or whether by moving the slide the spindle is caused to rotate. In the former, power is applied to the spindle and in the latter, the power is applied to the slide as is well known in the art.

Tail stock member Ill) is" preferably provided with lever arm which is adapted to xedly secure tail stock spindle 29 as 1s well known in the art. The tail stock member 30 is preferably provided with a volte portion 86 which yoke portion surrounds slide 10 and is fixedly secured to swivel member 9 by means of the bolts 37, so that as swivel member 9 is adjusted to the pressure angle of the gear or gear Shaper cutter to be ground, the connected members includingr slide 10, tail stock member 30 and yoke 23 will be swivelled as a unitary part.

If the work spindle 15 is given rotary motion, uniform or nonuniform, the disc 17 through the medium of the tapes 20, will lanse slide 1() to move and if the rotary movement of the work spindle 15 is in the form of an oscillating movement, the slide 1() will be caused to reciprocate back and forth on the swivel 9, and if the movement of thc work spindle 15 is uniform then the movement of the slide will be uniform and if the movement of the work spindle is nonuniform the movement likewise of the slide will be nonuniform, and the magnitude of the movement, whether it is uniform or nonuniform, is dependent upon the diameter of the disc 17; for example, if the base circle 17 has a perimeter measure of sixteen inches, the slide will move sixteen inches if the disc 17 is given one turn and in diret ratio thereto for any fractional part of a turn.

In the practical application of tapes Q0 and disc 17, the actual movement of slide 10 will be to a theoretical disc diameter equal to the diameter of the disc plus the thickness T of the tape 20, so that the dise 17 is made the theoretical diameter minus the thickness T of the tapes 20, but the effective diameter is nevertheless the theoretical diameter as is well understood in the art.

Une end portion of the cable 13 being Secured to the end portion of the slide 10, having a weight attached to the other end of said cable 13, will cause slide lt) to move in the direction of the arrow 14 to a position of rest determined by the tension of the tapes 2U of the disc 17 and lost motion in any connecting parts. `When force is applied to oscillate the work spindle 15, slide 1U is actuated to move to lift the weight at the end of the cable 13, and when the motion of the work spindle is reversed to the opposite direction the weight continues to exert its force so that in the functional operation of the means herein disclosed, as applied to a grinding machine of the character set forth, will cause a given point on the work spindle 15 to travel in a` truc geometrical path which has not been found to be true when the weight referred to is absent. Moreover, the weight on the end of the cable 13 exerting constanty torce always in one direction will keep the slide it) to its lowermost position to the right of the person viewing the drawing, Fig. l. This force component, as stated, benu;l constant will cause the work spindle 15 lo exert a constant rotative force in the direction of the arrow 3S, and this force will be overcome by the positive mechanical means applied to the work spindle 15, through the medium of members of the connectingl rod tt) and the bell-crank 40, in an application of the present invention to the machine referred to.

If now, the machine is operating and the work spindle oscillating and the slide reciprocating as described, it is obvious that an additional independent rectilinear movement will be given to the slide 10 if the hand-wheel 31 is rotated. The object of this independent movement to the slide, which is a movement of ad'ustment, is for the purpose of controlling flank fullness or absence of flank fullness in gear sharper cuttersl and the like, as previously referred to, and fully set forth in application pending for letters patent herein referred to. Flank fullness, therefore, in any gear shaper cutter and the like is controlled in the present invention byI the relative movement of slide 1U with respect to the fixed position of the cutting element 8. and if no flank fullness is required, it is only necessary to allow the slide 10, which carries the work spindle 15, to move further to the right of the person viewingI the drawing, Fig. l. This is accomplished as stated by rotating hand-wheel 34 to effect the adjustment referred to. If, however, flank fullness is required it is merely necessary to cause slide 10 to reverse its movement, and return to its former position before the center 0, of the work spindle l5, coincides with the cutting face C, of the cutting element 8. The position of the axis O, therefore, to the cutting face C, is controlled by the position of the tail stock spindle Q9. In grinding gear shaper cutters, which may have helically arranged teeth, it is necessary to swivel the cutting element 8 about a vertical axis coincident with the cutting face C. This is provided for by means of the swivel upright base 2. This may be swivelled on bed l, in a plane. perpendicular to the piane of drawing, Fig. l, to any desired angle corresponding to the helical anglc of the teeth of the gear shaper cutter, plus any additional amount required or desired for clearance to said teeth and when so swivellcd, said swivel base 2 may be locked in that position by means of the bolts B, passing through an elongated slot in said swivel base .2, and having threaded engagement with bed 1.

It may be stated that the invention herein disclosed is applicable to gear and gear shaper cutter grinding machines in general, and in the application ol the present invention to the machine referred to, wherein a swivel member 9 is disposed to the pressure angle desired in the gear, when operating on the moulding generating principle of action, to the end that cutting face C of the cutting element 8 with the sliding-ways W of the slide 10, form an angle equal to the complemental pressure angle desired in the cutters or gears. It is only necessary, therefore, where the pitch diameter remains fixed, to obtain a different pressure angle ina gear or cutter, to merely adjust swivel 9 to the desired angle of pressure. This is accomplished by any suitable. means, as for example, means illustrated and described in copendino application filed March 31st, 1926, serial O. 98,791.

If, however, it is desired to operate on the describing generating principle of action, slide 10 will be adjusted to zero pressure angle, that is to say, the cutting face C of the cutting element 8 will form an angle of substantially ninety degrees with the slidingways V of the slide l0, and when so adjusted the periphery of disc 17 is truly a base circle and the face C, of the cutting element 8, will generate true involute curves in the teeth of gears and the like, having the disc 17 as a base circle. This must not be confused with disc 17 being the pitch circle when operating on the moulding generating principle of action, wherein the slide 10 is disposed with swivel member E) to the angle of pressure as previously described.

The two principles of action herein referred to are full)r set forth in the bookl Gear Cutting Machinery by Ralph E. Flanders, published bv John VWiley & Sons.

New York. The difference between the two principles of action herein referred to are also fully set forth in my copending application for Letters Patent, Serial l31,885, filed August 27th, 1926, previously referred to.

Having thus described my invention I claim:

1. In a machine of the character set forth, a slide, a. guideway for the Islide, a work spindle on the slide, a dise fixed to the spindle, a yoke partially surrounding said work spindle. oppositely disposed tapes secured to the periphery of the disc and to the yoke at opposite sides of the spindle. means for orcillating said spindle, and means for moving the yoke along the gnideway and for securing the same in adjusted positions with respect thereto.

E2. In a machine of the character set 35 forth a slide,`a guideway for the slide, a work spindle on the slide, a disc fixedly secured thereto, tapes at one end thereof secured to said disc, a yoke which partially surrounds said work spindle to which the opposite ends of the tapes are sccured, a slide carrying said work spindle mounted upon a swivel member, a cutting element and means to angularly adjust said swivel member and said cutting element to the complemental angle of pressure, means for oscillating said spindle, and means for adjusting said yoke along said guideway.

3. In a machine of the character set forth, a workspindle, a slide carrying the work spindle, a swiveling member carrying the slide, a pitch circle disc or a base circle disc fxedly secured thereto, tapes at one end thereof secured at said pitch circle disc or 103 said base circle disc, anr adjustable yoke which partially surrounds said work spindie to which the other ends of the tapes are secured, an adjustable tail stock spindle connected to said yoke, a tail stock member carrying said yoke having a portion straddling the slide carrying said work spindle, said portion being fixedly secured to a swivelling member carrying said slide, and means to position said yoke member with respect to said tail stock member whereby the Hank fullness of the teeth of gear shaper cutters is controlled as set forth.

4. In a machine of the character set forth,

a slide, a guideway for the slide, a work spindle on the slide, a disc fixed to the spindle, a yoke partially surrounding said workspindlc, oppositely disposed tapes secured to the periphery of the disc and to the yoke at opposite sides of the spindle, means for oscillating said spindle, means for moving the yoke along the guideway and for securing the same in adjusted positions with respect thereto, a cutting element, and means to angularly adjust the face of the cutting element with respect to the axis of said spindle.

5. In a machine of the character 'set forth, a Work carrying spindle with a disc ixedly secured thereto, a swivellinof member adapted to carry a movable member, one part of which is in the form of a yoke adapted to carry members, preferably ilexible members, connected to said disc, an end extension on said yoke member adapted to be journnlled in an end portion of a slide, means to position said yoke member in a plane parallel to the plane of rectilinear movement of said slide, means to fixedly secure said yoke member in said adjusted position, means to angularly' adju-'st Swivel member upon which is mounted the aforesaid slide to an angle equal to the complemental pressure angle with respect to the face of a cutting element, means to angularly adjust said cutting element about a vertical center line to the angle of the helix of the teeth of the Work, means to cause an oscillating movement to said work spindle or a rectilinear movement to said slide, preferably oscillating movement to said work spindle, whereby said slide is caused to reciprocate uniformly or nonunifornily as the oscillating movement of the Work spindle is uniform or nonuniform.

Signed this 23rd day of November, 1926.

OLIVER G. SIMMONS.

5 fixedly secured thereto, a swivelling member adapted to carry a movable member, one part of which is in the form of a yoke adapted to carry members, preferably ilexible members, connected to said disc, an end extension on said yoke member adapted to be journalled in an end portion of a slide, means to position said yoke member in a plane parallel to the plane of rectilinear movement of said slide, means to xedly secure said yoke member in said adjusted position, means to angularly adjust swivel member upon which is mounted the aforesaid slide to an angle equal to the complemental pressure angle with respect to the face of a cutting element, means to angularly adjust said cutting element about a vertical center line to the angle of the helix of the teeth of the work, means to cause an oscillating movement to said Work spindle or a rectilinear movement to said slide, preferably oscillating movement to said work spindle, whereby said slide is caused to reciprocate uniformly or nonuniformly :1s the oscillating movement of the Work spindle is uniform or nonuniform.

Signed this 23rd day of November, 1926.

OLIVER G. SIMMONS.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTCN.

Patent No. l, 662, 589.

Granted March 13, 1928, tn

OLIVER G. SIMMONS.

ll is hereby certified that error appears in ythe printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows; Page 4, line 105, claim 3, for the word "at" read "te and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that he .same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 3rd day of April, A. D. i928.

Seal.

M. J. Moore, Acting Commissioner of Patents.

CERTIFI GATE OF CRRECT 0 Patent No. 1,662,589. Granted March i3, 1928, to

OLIVER G. SMMONS.

It is herebyI certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 4, line 10S, claim 3, for the word "at" read "to"; and that the. said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the vsame may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 3rd day o Aprii, A. D. |928.

M. J Moore,

Acting Commissioner of Patents.

Seal. 

